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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pužakaltam | om pužakalt |
| 2SG: | pužakaltat | ot pužakalt |
| 3SG: | pužakalteš | ok/ogeš pužakalt |
| 1PL: | pužakaltə̑na | ona/ogə̑na pužakalt |
| 2PL: | pužakaltə̑da | oda/ogə̑da pužakalt |
| 3PL: | pužakaltə̑t | ogə̑t pužakalt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pužakaltə̑m | šə̑m pužakalt |
| 2SG: | pužakaltə̑č́ | šə̑č́ pužakalt |
| 3SG: | pužakalte | ə̑š pužakalt |
| 1PL: | pužakaltna | ə̑šna pužakalt |
| 2PL: | pužakaltda | ə̑šda pužakalt |
| 3PL: | pužakaltə̑č́ | ə̑št pužakalt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pužakaltə̑nam | pužakaltə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | pužakaltə̑nat | pužakaltə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | pužakaltə̑n | pužakaltə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | pužakaltə̑nna | pužakaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | pužakaltə̑nda | pužakaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | pužakaltə̑nə̑t | pužakaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pužakaltam ə̑l'e | om pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | pužakaltat ə̑l'e | ot pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | pužakalteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | pužakaltə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | pužakaltə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | pužakaltə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t pužakalt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pužakaltam ulmaš | om pužakalt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | pužakaltat ulmaš | ot pužakalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | pužakalteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš pužakalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | pužakaltə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na pužakalt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | pužakaltə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da pužakalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | pužakaltə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t pužakalt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pužakaltə̑nam ə̑l'e | pužakaltə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | pužakaltə̑nat ə̑l'e | pužakaltə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | pužakaltə̑n ə̑l'e | pužakaltə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | pužakaltə̑nna ə̑l'e | pužakaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | pužakaltə̑nda ə̑l'e | pužakaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | pužakaltə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | pužakaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pužakaltə̑nam ulmaš | pužakaltə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | pužakaltə̑nat ulmaš | pužakaltə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | pužakaltə̑n ulmaš | pužakaltə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | pužakaltə̑nna ulmaš | pužakaltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | pužakaltə̑nda ulmaš | pužakaltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | pužakaltə̑nə̑t ulmaš | pužakaltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | pužakalt | it pužakalt |
| 3SG: | pužakaltše | ə̑nže pužakalt |
| 1PL: | (pužakaltə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na pužakalt) |
| 2PL: | pužakaltsa | ida pužakalt |
| 3PL: | pužakaltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št pužakalt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pužakaltnem | ə̑nem pužakalt |
| 2SG: | pužakaltnet | ə̑net pužakalt |
| 3SG: | pužakaltneže | ə̑než pužakalt |
| 1PL: | pužakaltnena | ə̑nena pužakalt |
| 2PL: | pužakaltneda | ə̑neda pužakalt |
| 3PL: | pužakaltnešt | ə̑nešt pužakalt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pužakaltnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | pužakaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | pužakaltneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | pužakaltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | pužakaltneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda pužakalt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | pužakaltnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt pužakalt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | pužakaltnet ulmaš | ə̑net pužakalt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | pužakaltneže ulmaš | ə̑než pužakalt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | pužakaltneda ulmaš | ə̑neda pužakalt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | pužakaltnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt pužakalt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | pužakaltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | pužakaltman |
| Active participle: | pužakaltše |
| Passive participle: | pužakaltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | pužakaltšaš |
| Negative participle: | pužakaltdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | pužakaltə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | pužakaltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | pužakaltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | pužakaltmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | pužakaltšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | pužakaltmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | pužakaltdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||